Healthcare Proposal Essay - 1807 Words

Final Assessment Proposal Kristian Velasco HLTH 556 Liberty University Abstract There is an ongoing debate regarding the potency of the new health care reform—Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act—from the outset of its proposal. Many attempts had been presented in the past years but the root of the issue remains prevalent today, that there is a lack of quality in its delivery and the cost of care is continuously increasing beyond national economic edges. In this manuscript, we will discuss several factors that can positively sway the long-term significance, impact, and structure of the United States health care system. Many are wondering whether the Universal Coverage, to which will give more control and†¦show more content†¦Furthermore, if most key players in the system fail to reach an agreement upon what the society want, determine the most prevalent medical needs, and the nature of methodology that will most likely become successful, then no system will ever properly evaluate and execute a satisfactory reform (Wyrwich, Frueh, Abernethy Grueger, 2012). The Problems with the Current System Absolutely, the issues relating healthcare affordability and access remains the most pressing concerns. Nonetheless, this has been the case for the most part of 20th century. Perhaps a fresh look at the system to which emphasizes on the special needs of a complex society can bring the most positive change. In systematic terms, the problem with the current structure is that prevention takes time, whereas, political progressions are short-range (McLaughlin McLaughlin, 2008). Therefore, incentivizing prevention under the current system is almost impossible for the reason that when individuals engage in preventive programs, the continuation of accrued benefits will most likely be compromised or written out in its entirety. Such dilemma is the main concern; hence, cultivating a more consistent preventive care system is the most pressing need (Wyrwich et al., 2012). The future of healthcare if left as is, the system will falter and eventually, a new reform will be realized as necessitous (Garman, Butler , Brinkmeyer, 2006). When the system proposed fail to meetShow MoreRelatedDeveloping Healthcare IT Requests for Proposals877 Words   |  3 PagesHealthcare IT RFPs Developing healthcare IT requests for proposals (RFPs) can be a daunting task. It is also a critical one institutions must exercise care in making their final selection of a solution vendor to ensure that the needs and requirements of their unique business are adequately addressed (Mayer, 2009). As a result, heavy investments in time are needed to develop the correct detail and also incorporate the input of various stakeholders. Although vendors can contribute to the RFP creationRead MoreProposal for New Healthcare System1079 Words   |  5 PagesProposal for New Health System The health care system in the United States is in need of major reform. Even with major technological advances, the amount of citizens unable to acquire proper care is immense. â€Å"Between 2005 and 2006, the number of U.S.-born residents who were uninsured increased from 33 million to 34.4 million, and their uninsured rate increased from 12.8 percent in 2005 to 13.2 percent. The numbers of foreign-born who were uninsured rose from 11.8 million in 2005 to 12.6 millionRead MoreAn American Healthcare Proposal Essay758 Words   |  4 PagesThe first thing that would be enacted through my optimal health care reform plan would be making employer based insurance mandatory. Individuals who are employed will be eligible for health insurance coverage and will not be able to opt out with out proof of other insurance. Employer based insurance will become more affordable for both employers and employees through a tax credit incentive. Employers will be able to choose which plans to provide t o employees through the use of a Health Exchange.Read MoreWaiting Times At Clinics And The General Organization Of The Proposal1707 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction This paper serves as an introduction to a dissertation. It shall introduce the scope of the dissertation by discussing the problem, the background of the problem, the purpose of the proposal, the scope of the proposal and the general organization of the proposal. The thesis of the dissertation is wait times at clinics and how that time can be reduced to obtain efficiency at clinics. Problem Statement The subject of this paper is waiting times at clinics and how that time can be minimizedRead MoreThe Change Is A Fundamental Element Of Its Success1077 Words   |  5 Pagesrealistically, the change proposal will impact on how people work in the future, and how patients receive essential treatment; and so Oreg (2006) believes that change agents need to focus on three factors: the trust placed in managers ,the information given (details and timing) and social impacts-individuals often share the feelings displayed by those around them. Therefore never before has the concept of leadership been so pivotal within the NHS (The King’s Fund, 2012). Healthcare organisations have indeedRead MoreCountry Health Care Proposal for Investment in Healthcare Industry3078 Words   |  12 PagesRunning head: Country attractiveness proposal. Country Health Care Proposal for Investment in Healthcare Industry Abstract The main purpose of this paper is to evaluate the factors of attractiveness in the health care industry of Indonesia so that opportunities of investment from abroad are properly identified. In this scenario the example of Singapore is taken as a benchmark since both nations attained post-colonial independence not so long ago and the health care system of Singapore is knownRead MorePath to Citizenship1109 Words   |  5 Pagesdirector of the Institute for the Study of International Migration professes that â€Å"Unauthorized migration is not a criminal offense. Rather, it is a civil offence.† Texas Rep. Lamar Smith protests the idea saying â€Å"By granting amnesty, the Senate proposal actually compounds the problem by encouraging more illegal immigration.† I argue his reaction due to the fact that these legalization or regularization programs proposed do not erase anything from legal retention or make it easy for anyone to becomeRead MoreA Based Practice Proposal For An Multidisciplinary Team With Home Healthcare2323 Words   |  10 PagesEvidenced-Based Practice Proposal Problem Description: Amenable to Nursing Intervention This evidenced-base proposal paper is to address the lack of communication with the multidisciplinary team with home healthcare cases. This is a problem that is faced everyday by home healthcare nurses and other providers. Home healthcare is independent care provided at home these services can be provided over time and across geographic locations. Home care nurses tackle many responsibilities that includeRead MoreProposed Changes Of Medicaid Expansion On Florida And Other States1559 Words   |  7 Pagesexpected without the waiver (Holahan et al., 1995). States using these waivers have proposed to save money by using managed care plans for current Medicaid patients, and limiting the cost of new Medicaid enrollees (Holahan et al., 1995). These proposals often focus on using hospital DSH payments to expand coverage rather than using these sums to make payments to hospitals, using savings from reductions in other programs, or proposing new revenues (Holahan et al., 1995). The goal is to expand coverageRead MoreBarriers For Nurse Practitioner Practice That Impact Healthcare Redesign1688 Words   |  7 PagesDebra Hain and Laureen M. Fleck. †Barriers to Nurse Practitioner Practice that Impact Healthcare Redesign OJIN: The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing Vol. 19, No. 2, Manuscript 2. Web. 6 Apr. 2016. â€Å"Barriers to Nurse Practitioner Practice that Impact Healthcare Redesign† is the article written by two physicians, Debra Hain and Laureen M. Fleck. The two physicians explain the barriers and setbacks that the scope of practice prevents APNs from practicing from. This article also gives suggestions

Essay on The Quinceañera - 816 Words

All birthdays are special. Birthdays celebrate life and the passing of time. In a young Mexican girl life, there is no birthday more important then her quinceaà ±era. The quinceaà ±era is a celebration of a girl’s journey into womanhood. The story of my fifteenth birthday is contributed for a better understanding of how special it is to celebrate a girl’s transformation into a lady, and how it differs from any other birthday she celebrates. A quinceaà ±era receives a gorgeous gift from a family member on her fifteenth birthday, something that she will carry with her forever. In this cultural celebration for our family, it is very important for the father to give his daughter a special jewelry that resembles his love for her on her†¦show more content†¦It is commonly given to the quinceaà ±era in front of her main friends and family, so it would heighten the importance of getting the gift. My father made sure that my grandparents attended, because he knew im portant they are to me. My quinceaà ±era is the only birthday in which my grandparents were in attendance. They are very old and may not be able to see them for another birthday of mine. The trip is long and tedious, which is difficult on a weakened body, so having them there at my quince was the greatest memento. All the people who attend to the quince are not likely to attend again to another birthday, which is why they specify this celebration into the most significant moment in a young Mexican girl life. Most people, especially girls shop for an outstanding birthday outfit to wear. No other wardrobe can relate to what you wear for your quinceaà ±era. It is the only birthday where a Mexican girl could actually feel like a princess. She wears a beautiful crown covered in rhinestones that essentials her up do with a gorgeous scepter that contributes to the tiara. Her dress is what makes her the starlight of the night. It is big and puffy as a â€Å"Cinderella dress† embra cing her figure. There is not another birthday that it is usual for a girl to wear what a quinceanera wears, and that is what makes the night distinctive from any another birthday. During a normal birthday celebration you wouldShow MoreRelatedQuinceanera2147 Words   |  9 PagesQuinceanera It is customary for all Latin American cultures to celebrate a coming of age party for their daughters called a quinceanera. Parents commemorate their beloved daughter’s transition from being a little girl to becoming a fifteen year old young lady by inviting family and friends to join in this huge event. A modern day young lady is celebrated with a ceremony, grand party with extravagant decorations, exquisite food, memorable toasts form the godparents, and usually wrapped up with aRead MoreEssay on Brazilian Sweet Fifteenth Birthday Party1636 Words   |  7 Pages  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Quinceanera, which is Spanish for Sweet 15, is a very popular celebration in the Spanish community. This is a very special day to both the mother and the daughter. This day signifies the transformation from a little girl to a young lady. It is a way of introducing a new woman to society. Turning 15 is the most important birthday for Spanish communities. Quinceaneras tend to be a big and elegant celebration in which every family member and friends collaborate to give the birthday girl the bestRead MoreNarrative of Quinceanera910 Words   |  4 PagesFrom a Little Girl to A Young Woman Linda Rosario English 1A Professor Abra Mcdowell July 14, 2010 From a Little Girl to a Young Woman . The day of my Quinceanera started early. I had just turned 15 and it was the birthday I had always dreamed of. I was always a dama in other Quinceanera’s, but now it was time for my own celebration. In Mexican culture, a dama is just like a bridesmaid. I had 14 of my closest friends as my dama’s to be a part of my â€Å"court of honor†. All 14 girls woreRead MoreEssay on Quinceanera607 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Quinceanera Throughout history, most young girls have a Quinceanera which is a special occasion and traditional celebration of a young girl turning fifteen on her birthday and making a transition from child to adult. Reached maturity and eligibility for marriage, which has been custom in most countries. A Quinceanera is something that started many years ago when a Spanish conqueror brought the tradition to Mexico and other countries. Throughout most countries, parents don’t celebrate their daughter’sRead MoreBook Review : Quinceanera 1682 Words   |  7 PagesF is for formal, festival, and fifteen. Fifteen isn’t just a number, but it is an important celebration event in the hispanic community called quinceaà ±era. When I was the age fifteen it was when i marked to make the transition of a young women into womanhood. A quinceaà ±rea is a huge celebration to the young women’s family, because it’s almost as important as a wedding. It takes month of planing, but I only had under a month to get everything ready. Having less than a month felt like i was a littleRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Quinceanera And Rite Of Passage1538 Words   |  7 PagesSayelly Olivo AP Literature Miss Fields 23 October 2017 Poem Analysis Many time we spent our whole childhood wishing we were older and now we’re spending our adulthood wishing to be younger. In the poems â€Å"Quinceanera† and â€Å"Rite of Passage† both Cofer and Olds explore the theme of the coming of age and we acquire to truly live up to those adult characteristic that are found within every child , the authors use various literary devices, such as imagery, tone, and figurative language. Cofer portraysRead MoreThe Day Of Her Forever Dreamed Of Quinceanera1903 Words   |  8 Pagesdreamed of Quinceaà ±era. A Quinceaà ±era is a celebration that is yearned for by many young Hispanic and Latin American girls. Depending on a family’s wealth, the celebration might be big and extravagant (FalcÓn 76). Quinceaà ±eras in Mexico and Latin American countries are a cultural right of passage for younger women. Like any tradition, it tends to have a location at which it originates. The origin of the Quinceaà ±era is said to go as far back to the time of the Aztec people (â€Å"Quinceaà ±era CelebrationRead MoreThe Quinceanera Celebration : The Pathway Of A Young Girl Entering Womanhood1015 Words   |  5 PagesThe Quinceaà ±era Celebration Among young Hispanic girls, one of the most important and most anticipated events in their lives is the celebration of the fifteenth birthday or quinceaà ±era. The preparation starts right after the girl turns fourteen or even at a much younger age. The family, mostly the mother, can spend months preparing for this big social event in the life of her daughter. Although this celebration is traditionally part of the Latin American culture, in the United States it has becomeRead MoreAnalysis Of Selections From Once Upon A Quinceanera 1480 Words   |  6 Pagesboth formal and informal, they both indicate a shift from one state to another. Formal Rites of Passages are weddings, Quinceaà ±eras, and Bar Mitzvah, whereas informal Rites of Passages are a person’s first kiss, first job, and or the loss of a person s virginity. Julia Alvarez focuses on the process and idea of Quinceaà ±eras in her article Selections from Once Upon A Quinceaà ±era. Also included in this article is J aider Sà ¡nchez that witnessed the sexual part of the ritual and Isabella Martinez WallRead MoreMy Friend s Fiesta De Quinceanera997 Words   |  4 Pagesshirt. I truly believed I would have ended surely staying home and missing out my friend’s quinces. It was all I was looking forward to since i found out i was invited. Even though I was really excited it wasn’t because it was my friend’s fiesta de quinceaà ±era but because someone really special was invited, someone that I would have never guessed would have affected my life so much. Well anyways, how can it happen I had no idea but it did, tragically the unavoidable occurred. It s quiet average from

Women in the Fields Essay Free Essays

The documental â€Å"Rape in Fields† was really heartbreaking. This docudrama is about adult females who are abused and sexually harassed by their employers. Many adult females who are immigrant workers in farm Fieldss and workss have gone through atrocious ordeals. We will write a custom essay sample on Women in the Fields Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now It’s sad to see that these adult females one time didn’t have a voice because they were terrified of acquiring deported or fired. They kept lulls so they could go on working. They have suffered for so many old ages and have been through many atrocious yearss. Many Womans who worked in the Fieldss described the field as â€Å"the field of panties† and â€Å"the green motel. † One could hold ne’er imagined what was go oning in these Fieldss if these adult females had ne’er spoken. One of the adult females. Maricruz Ladino. explains that even though she hates retrieving the past she is glad that adult females have eventually decided to talk out. One of the grounds that many adult females get abused and harassed is the fact that they are adult females. These women’s gender determines how they are traveling to be treated when working in these types of occupations. Bing a female can put these adult females in great danger. We live in a clip were adult females have gotten many adult females rights and have learned to fend for themselves. Unfortunately. many undocumented adult females still don’t know that they have many rights. For illustration. Dolores Huerta. a civil right militant and laminitis of The United Farm Workers of America explains: â€Å"I became cognizant of it as a immature adult female. and my female parent would ne’er allow me work in the fields†¦And so when I really did travel out and work in the Fieldss. so. like all of the other adult females. I saw the chief coming and vibrating around you. And of class that was something that made you really nervous. because you didn’t cognize if they were merely looking at your work or if they were looking at you. † ( Frontline. 2013 ) The ground that they stay quiet it’s because they have to take attention of their households and are afraid to lose their occupations. Work force in this state of affairs are really chauvinist. They think that being work forces they are able to command adult females and do with them as they please. This adult females are defenceless and vulnerable and the discovery themselves seting up with the sexual torment because they don’t have another pick. Another ground that adult females are mistreated in this type of occupations is because they are immigrants. When these adult females come to the United States they want to break themselves and are in hunt of the American dream but this has some really sedate effects. They get abused and harassed and the ground that they decide to remain quiet is because they are afraid of traveling back to their state of beginning. They refuse to accept losing the life they have in the United States and they decide to set up with all the maltr eatment. They endanger their lives because they want to keep onto a piece of the American dream. My parents were immigrants and they picked fruit from Fieldss and I’m glad that my ma had my pa besides her at all times. These adult females are willing to put on the line everything. including their organic structures and self-esteem. in order to maintain their occupations and remain in the United States. Another factor that these adult females are targeted is because they don’t know the Torahs or cognize how to talk English. It’s atrocious to cognize that many of these adult females are forced to acquire in a auto and all of a sudden are being taken to an unknown location with a gun pointed at their caput and acquire repeatedly abused. There have been many instances about adult females acquiring abused but unfortunately these culprits were ne’er charged. The deficiency of grounds has affected many of this people’s life. These adult females don’t cognize what to make because they don’t know that there are Torahs to protect them. They fail to recognize that there are people out at that place to assist them but they don’t cognize even when they don’t cognize how to talk English there are people who are willing to assist all this undocumented abused adult females. In order for jurisprudence enforcement and societal workers to forest all these maltreatments they should travel to the Fieldss and workss and behavior interviews every 3 months. This would maintain employers from mistreating their employees and they can besides be cognizant that they will be penalized if any type of illegal activity is found in their work topographic point. Social workers should besides hold a hotline where adult females are able to describe any sexual torment in workss and the Fieldss. They should allow adult females cognize that they are by their side and their illegal in-migration position does non count when describing any barbarous incident. This manner adult female can experience safe and know that they are able to describe without being penalized. Another solution to this job is to give adult females some type of instruction about the topic and allow them cognize their rights so they can experience safe when describing any incorrect behaviors. These adult females need aid and with governments or societal workers acquiring invo lved small by small this job can acquire eliminated. RetrievedFrontline ( 2013 ) Dolores Huerta: An â€Å"Epidemic in the Fields† Retrieved hypertext transfer protocol: //www. phosphate buffer solution. org/wgbh/pages/frontline/rape-in-the-fields/ PBS Frontline ( 2013 ) Rape in the Fields Retrieved hypertext transfer protocol: //www. phosphate buffer solution. org/wgbh/pages/frontline/social-issues/rape-in-the-fields/dolores-huerta-an-epidemic-in-the-fields/b How to cite Women in the Fields Essay, Essay examples

Architectures and System of Governance †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Architectures and System of Governance. Answer: Introduction: The tsunami that had taken place in the year 2004 was a massacre for the entire world. It caused severe damage to the ecosystem, thousands lost their life and many lost their lifestyle. It is one among the natural calamities that has occurred in the history of calamities. The term seismic sea wave means a series of waves in the water bodies of the earth. The tsunami waves did not resemble the normal current waves formed under the sea. They were massive and destructive in nature. The wavelength for Tsunami was relatively longer and did not break at required positions. Thus, creating huge waves that damaged the buildings and structures located near the water bodies. It consisted of series of waves that lasting from minutes to hours. The Indian Ocean Tsunami was one of the destructive calamities that occurred in nature. According to scientists, the tsunami was not tide as they consisted series of waves that were destructive in nature. The discussion will detail the Indian Ocean Tsunami that occurred in the year 2004. It will also discuss about the impacts of Tsunami, how life were damaged, how the nature was damaged. The study will also include the measures that were taken during that time and few recommendations that must be taken to prevent such disasters to happen in future again. The Indian Ocean tsunami had taken place in the year 2004, 26th of December. The epicenter of the disaster was at the west coast of Indonesia. The mega thrust earthquake took place when the Indian plate was hit by the Burma plate. It triggered a series of devastating Tsunami along the coastal areas of the Indian Ocean. The calamity caused two, 80,000 deaths and made 14 countries severely affected by the disaster. As Indonesia was the centre for this disaster, it was affected the most followed by countries like Thailand, India and Srilanka. As per world record, this was the third largest and powerful earthquake. It has a longer duration in comparison to the other earthquakes. It had lasted for 8 to 10 minutes and vibrated the blue planet as much as 0.4 inches. The epidemic had expanded until Alaska. Scientifically the epidemic is named as the Sumatra-Andaman earthquake. The cause for such a disaster was the displacement of the plates due to an earthquake. The displacement happened as the earthquake lasted for a longer period, greater than 9. It occurred 30kom below the sea level and hence affected the water bodies (Griffin et al.,2013). The earthquake displaced massive water volumes of water that resulted the Tsunami. The tsunami that occurred in the shallow water regions forming large destructive waves that damaged the environment and led to thousands death. according to (Brown et al., 2015) the height of the tsunami had reached 24 meters (80 ft) while coming ashore, at some points they reached 30 meters (100ft). the stretch of the tsunami was from the east to west region. Countries like Bangladesh were not affected much as the quake proceeded slowly towards the north. The Andaman and Nicobar islands had suffered a lot due to this calamity. Indonesia was the first country that was affected. Stretching from the islands of Sumatra to regions of Aceh. The tsunami occurred after 30 minutes of the earthquake. According to (Srivastava Shaw,2015) 250000people died there and 37063 were missing. The damage was not limited to the death and missing people. The incident had left 655000 people homeless and shelter less. The maximum damage took place in the coastal regions as the destruction started from the water bodies. The incident has destroyed the coastline, damaging the habitat and ecosystem of those particular regions. In many regions, the towns and villages were destroyed killing thousands of human, animals. The residue that was left after the attack was few parts of iron roofs, few mosques left in the wetlands, few substantial structures. The Andaman and Nicobar islands was also damaged in this massacre. It caused a severe damage to the islands environment. The Andaman Island was less affected in comparison to the little Andaman and Nicobar Island. They were damaged at a huge scale. In the southern region of Andaman, the attack was extended three times the general attack. The coastlines and the low-lying areas were damaged by flooding. in southern Andaman the attack was a four wave cycle with the fourth cycle to be the most destructive and dangerous in nature. The impact so severe that it threw 4 oil tankers from the seashore. The worst affect was at the Katchall islands where 303 were confirmed dead and 4354 were missing. At Srilanka, the tsunami arrived at the eastern coast and refracted to the southern region. However the country is located far beyond the epicenter and hence they did not fell the shake. The tsunami had hit the coastline of Srilanka after almost 2 hour of the quake. It is considered that tsunami had consisted three main waves with the second wave being the strongest. A train named Sumudra Devi was derailed and overturned by the tsunami (McGilvray Gamburd, 2013). It took almost 1700 lives in the country and listed it as the one of the most destructive disaster in world history. The tsunami had also affected the Southern region of Thailand and caused severe damage to the country. The tsunami occurred to the country when it was facing high tide and thus the effect was increased. At Phuket, the western beaches were affected (Calgaro, Dominey-Howes Lloyd,2014). In India, the tsunami arrived in regions like Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu. The Southernmost region was affected after two hours. The regions of Tamil Nadu were severely damaged and few areas in Andhra Pradesh were also damaged. The villages were destroyed; the residents were swept away from the coastline. The fishing industry was damaged, the population was damaged and the lifestyle was affected very badly in these regions (Patton et al.,2015). Altogether, the massacre had caused severe damage to the countries and the countrymen. The sudden shock had drift many livess and made many homeless. According to (Srivastava Shaw, 2015) 227,898 people lost their life's and many become homeless and without any shelter. The crops, plantations, animals, aquatic life were severely damaged by this incident. The incident not only led to death but also showed its impact for few months even after the incident happened. The victims were left injured; there was no scope for treatments and aids that could be provided to them (Ontowirjo, Paris Mano, 2013). They did not have sufficient food to live neither did they have consumable water. The victims had lost their families and house and were living in government-sheltered regions. The government of other countries and unaffected regions were providing necessary things to them. The other countries had to arrange for their food and necessary requirements for living (Seng, 2013). It took months f or these victims to rebuild their courage and homely situations. It was a restart for them to live on earth, as they environment was completely destroyed by the calamity. Hence, they had to rebuild each thing required in the environment. Other countries and states to come out from this situation and restart their lifestyles supported the victims. Steps taken after the massacre: The tsunami had created a relief effort raising funds from government. The governments of the neighboring countries had sanctioned relief and rehabilitation measures for the victim countries. The World Bank and banks that are supported by the NGOs provided initial supports to the countries. They targeted to provide an urgent relief to the victims and a long term rehabilitation to the countries. They intended to create an environment friendly situation and help the victims to come out of the traumatic situation. The government of India reconstructed the damaged houses, created new habitation in safer zones, provided sustainable lifestyle for the countrymen, restored the ecology, provided better infrastructure and helped the victims with educational needs and psychological trauma. MCF had taken initiative and took the victims to a new area where they were provided with education, living motivations, help groups, protection from further damage. They committed to provide rehabilitation t o the victims and worked for the improvement of the victims. The members meet every month to discuss about the improvement and betterment in their work to help the injured and victim of Tsunami(Hentry et al., 2017). They have fund to provide treatment and ensure the welfare of these innocent lives. The neighboring countries provided food and consumable water to the affected areas by helicopter. The countries were raising funds for the victims and moved 50000 tons of food to the affected areas. They used helicopter and planes to reach the victims. There were groups formed to provide medical help to the victims. The countries like Japan, America, Kuwait provided money whereas the countries like Pakistan and China provided medical teams, rescue teams along with dogs. All the nations from worldwide had helped the countries that were affected by the disaster. It took few months for the countries to recover their trauma and come back to normal lifestyle. The primary cause of this disaster was environmental impact that caused the earth quake with a extended effect of the destructive calamity Tsunami. the incident could have been prevented if the ratio of pollution and damage to nature was limited since the early days (Lvholt et al., 2014). As the people are least concerned about the welfare of society, they do not tend to protect the society. Unfortunately, the humans residing in the society cause the damage to society. The primary reason for the earthquake was the shifting of the plates (Hutchison, 2014). The pates tend to move due to the intense heat of the earth. The heating is natural in nature, however, the rate of heat has been increased b the human activities that has resulted to such an outcome. The primary steps that can be taken to prevent these calamities are: reduction of pollution using methods to save the greenery prevention of deforestation reducing CFC eliminating products reducing pollution emitting machines use technologies that support cooling of the earth use natural resources those are renewable reduce the use of nuclear weapons that increase the heat level The people of earth to reduce such disastrous incidents to happen should follow these measures. Few other measures can be taken to face such calamities: the country can keep a stock of food grains and necessities for such mishaps There can be a special group or help age group in every country who will provide support to nations or states suffering from such incidents The governments can equipments like helicopter, ship and airplanes that will provide support to the countries suffering such problems. The country can have a weather-monitoring group who can at least find approximate chances(Anugrah et al.,2015) for the mishaps to happen and warn the country from such incidents. Thus to conclude it can be said that the primary cause for such a disaster is the earthquake that resulted to this disaster. The reason for such quakes is the heating of the earth. The Earth has heated due to excess use of rays, chemicals and environment hazardous products. However, these are also natural calamities that cannot be stopped by our own choice. Hence, few considerations has to be accepted for such calamities, along with some measures. The measures can be protection of greenery and maintenance of ecology. The use of heating chemicals and agents can be reduced to reduce the heat on Earth. At the same time people should be prepared for such natural calamities happening. They can build their habitats in higher regions to prevent such disasters to damage them at the most. They can use weather monitoring devices to assume the chances of such disasters , they can avoid living near water bodies that can damage the most in case of such disasters. However, these are natural calami ties that occur without any warning and it has to be accepted and overcome by everone. References: Anugrah, B., Meilano, I., Gunawan, E., Efendi, J. (2015). Estimation of postseismic deformation parameters from continuous GPS data in northern Sumatra after the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake.Earthquake Science,28(5-6), 347-352. Brown, B., Yuniati, W., Ahmad, R., Soulsby, I. (2015). Observations of Natural Recruitment and Human Attempts at Mangrove Rehabilitation After Seismic (Tsunami and Earthquake) Events in Simeulue Island and Singkil Lagoon, Aceh, Indonesia. InPost-Tsunami Hazard(pp. 311-327). Springer, Cham. Calgaro, E., Dominey-Howes, D., Lloyd, K. (2014). Application of the Destination Sustainability Framework to explore the drivers of vulnerability and resilience in Thailand following the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami.Journal of Sustainable Tourism,22(3), 361-383. Griffin, C., Ellis, D., Beavis, S., Zoleta-Nantes, D. (2013). Coastal resources, livelihoods and the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami in Aceh, Indonesia.Ocean coastal management,71, 176-186. Hentry, C., Saravanan, S., Chandrasekar, N., Rayar, S. L. (2017). Post-Tsunami Damages Assessment, Relief and Rehabilitation Measures in the Kanyakumari District, Tamil Nadu, South India.Energy and Environment Research,7(1), 48. Hutchison, E. (2014). A global politics of pity? Disaster imagery and the emotional construction of solidarity after the 2004 asian tsunami.International Political Sociology,8(1), 1-19. Lvholt, F., Setiadi, N. J., Birkmann, J., Harbitz, C. B., Bach, C., Fernando, N., ... Nadim, F. (2014). Tsunami risk reductionare we better prepared today than in 2004?.International journal of disaster risk reduction,10, 127-142. Lvholt, F., Setiadi, N. J., Birkmann, J., Harbitz, C. B., Bach, C., Fernando, N., ... Nadim, F. (2014). Tsunami risk reductionare we better prepared today than in 2004?.International journal of disaster risk reduction,10, 127-142. McGilvray, D. B., Gamburd, M. R. (Eds.). (2013).Tsunami recovery in Sri Lanka: Ethnic and regional dimensions. Routledge. Murao, O., Nakazato, H. (2013). Vulnerability functions for buildings based on damage survey data in Sri Lanka after the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami. Ontowirjo, B., Paris, R., Mano, A. (2013). Modeling of coastal erosion and sediment deposition during the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami in Lhok Nga, Sumatra, Indonesia.Natural hazards,65(3), 1967-1979. Patton, J. R., Goldfinger, C., Morey, A. E., Ikehara, K., Romsos, C., Stoner, J., ... Vizcaino, A. (2015). A 6600 year earthquake history in the region of the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman subduction zone earthquake.Geosphere,11(6), 2067-2129. Seng, D. S. C. (2013). Tsunami resilience: multi-level institutional arrangements, architectures and system of governance for disaster risk preparedness in Indonesia.Environmental science policy,29, 57-70. Srivastava, N., Shaw, R. (2015). Institutional and Legal Arrangements and Its Impacts on Urban Issues in Post Indian Ocean Tsunami. InRecovery from the Indian Ocean Tsunami(pp. 17-27). Springer, Tokyo.

April Morning Book Review (A) essays

April Morning Book Review (A) essays In April Morning, written by Howard Fast, the theme of maturation prevails throughout the book as the main character, Adam Cooper, changes from being perceived as a young boy to a man. Also, as Adam matures from boy to man, the colonial revolutionaries acknowledge the seriousness of their battles against Britain. The story is narrated by Adam as he tells the tale of many events that occur in one life altering day. The narrative begins as Adam is being criticized by his father, Moses Cooper, for being lazy and disrespectful. Moses is very judgmental with Adam and does not show him much affection; they dont have what you would call a good father-son relationship. Adam then goes inside the house to talk to his mother and his grandmother, who has always spoiled him and protected him from his fathers stern criticism. Again, at the dinner table that night, Moses passes judgment on Adam until a relative of the boy, Joseph Simmons, stops in and enters the scene. Joseph tells the Moses that he has been chosen to write a statement on the rights of man by the committee, the men of the village acting to define their positions on their hopes for liberty from Britain. Adam, being only fifteen years old, is a year too young to participate in the committee meetings therefore when his father and Cousin Sim mons attended the meeting that night, he went to visit his girlfriend, Ruth Simmons. However, Adam recounts his fathers version of events that took place at the meeting and it is made clear that his village, Lexington, Massachusetts, is in emotional and intellectual turmoil due to the developing revolution. In the middle of that same night, Lexington is awakened by a lone rider with news that the British army has left Boston and is marching towards the village. Adam slips out to join his father and the reverend, who are discussing with the committeemen what their response should be if a thousand or more Br ...

The History of Prohibition in the United States

The History of Prohibition in the United States Prohibition was a period of nearly 14 years of U.S. history (1920 to 1933) in which the manufacture, sale, and transportation of intoxicating liquor was made illegal. It was a time characterized by speakeasies, glamor, and gangsters and a period of time in which even the average citizen broke the law. Interestingly,  Prohibition, sometimes referred to as the Noble Experiment, led to the first and only time an Amendment to the U.S. Constitution was repealed. Temperance Movements After the American Revolution, drinking was on the rise. To combat this, a number of societies were organized as part of a new Temperance movement, which attempted to dissuade people from becoming intoxicated. At first, these organizations pushed moderation, but after several decades, the movements focus changed to complete prohibition of alcohol consumption. The Temperance movement blamed alcohol for many of societys ills, especially crime and murder. Saloons, a social haven for men who lived in the still untamed West, were viewed by many, especially women, as a place of debauchery and evil. Prohibition, members of the Temperance movement urged, would stop husbands from spending all the family income on alcohol and prevent accidents in the workplace caused by workers who drank during lunch. The 18th Amendment Passes At the beginning of the 20th century, there were Temperance organizations in nearly every state. By 1916, over half of the U.S. states already had statutes that prohibited alcohol. In 1919, the 18th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, which prohibited the sale and manufacture of alcohol, was ratified. It went into effect on January 16, 1920- beginning the era known as Prohibition. The Volstead Act While it was the 18th Amendment that established Prohibition, it was the Volstead Act (passed on October 28, 1919) that clarified the law. The Volstead Act stated that beer, wine, or other intoxicating malt or vinous liquors meant any beverage that was more than 0.5% alcohol by volume. The Act also stated that owning any item designed to manufacture alcohol was illegal and it set specific fines and jail sentences for violating Prohibition. Loopholes There were, however, several loopholes for people to legally drink during Prohibition. For instance, the 18th Amendment did not mention the actual drinking of liquor. Also, since Prohibition went into effect a full year after the 18th Amendments ratification, many people bought cases of then-legal alcohol and stored them for personal use. The Volstead Act allowed alcohol consumption if it was prescribed by a doctor. Needless to say, large numbers of new prescriptions were written for alcohol. Gangsters and Speakeasies For people who didnt buy cases of alcohol in advance or know a good doctor, there were illegal ways to drink during Prohibition. A new breed of gangster arose during this period. These people took notice of the amazingly high level of demand for alcohol within society and the extremely limited avenues of supply to the average citizen. Within this imbalance of supply and demand, gangsters saw a profit. Al Capone in Chicago is one of the most famous gangsters of this time period. These gangsters would hire men to smuggle in rum from the Caribbean (rumrunners) or hijack whiskey from Canada and bring it into the U.S. Others would buy large quantities of liquor made in homemade stills. The gangsters would then open up secret bars (speakeasies) for people to come in, drink, and socialize. During this period, newly hired Prohibition agents were responsible for raiding speakeasies, finding stills, and arresting gangsters, but many of these agents were underqualified and underpaid, leading to a high rate of bribery. Attempts to Repeal the 18th Amendment Almost immediately after the ratification of the 18th Amendment, organizations formed to repeal it. As the perfect world promised by the Temperance movement failed to materialize, more people joined the fight to bring back liquor. The anti-Prohibition movement gained strength as the 1920s progressed, often stating that the question of alcohol consumption was a local issue and not something that should be in the Constitution. Additionally, the Stock Market Crash in 1929 and the beginning of the Great Depression started changing peoples opinion. People needed jobs. The government needed money. Making alcohol legal again would open up many new jobs for citizens and additional sales taxes for the government. The 21st Amendment Is Ratified On December 5, 1933, the 21st Amendment to the U.S. Constitution was ratified. The 21st Amendment repealed the 18th Amendment, making alcohol once again legal. This was the first and only time in U.S. history that an Amendment has been repealed.

Home depot Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Home depot - Essay Example The combined sales of both stores surpassed $7.2 billion. The Home Depot stores cater more to men, contractors, and serious do it yourselfers. Lowe’s on the other hand caters more to women and people looking to put the finishing touches on decorating projects. Home Depot has a greater physical market presence, but Lowe’s due to its superior product selection has been able to achieve greater customer acceptance. In the home improvement industry customers are not loyal to a specific store. I believe that Lowe’s has a better corporate image than Home Depot. During the past year while watching television I have on numerous occasion seen television commercials advertising Lowe’s. In the same time frame I have not seen any commercial for Home Depot. Despite having similar prices my perception based on the advertising I have seen is that Lowe’s has better price points on its merchandise. The fact that Lowe’s has better customer service is a strength that helps create a better corporate image in the eyes of the

Marketing Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Marketing - Research Proposal Example The credit crunch currently being experienced provides an opportunity for an understanding of its influence on buyer behaviour. This learning will allow marketing to work out strategies to operate efficiently in markets, where there is a paucity of credit. Such strategies could include giving tangible value to brands and pricing and promotion strategies in a market where there is a paucity of credit. Lenard, 2008 suggests that during paucity of credit, consumers tend to equate price and brand. In other words in the credit crunch have made consumers hypersensitive to price and this provides an opportunity to develop a pricing strategy that capitalizes on this hypersensitivity of consumers to price. Less of brand promotion and more of competitive pricing may be the requirement in such a marketing strategy (Lenard, 2008). Why has price become such a dominant factor in consumer behaviour? Even prior to the credit crunch wages as a share of national income has been showing a downward trend over the last three decades raising the level of the influence of price on purchase decisions. The credit crunch has heightened this influence of price on purchase decision (Harman, 2008). High value capital goods are among the first places to feel the impact of credit crunch. This can be seen in the changed behaviour in car purchases in the United Kingdom, fuelled by the higher prices of petrol and the credit crunch. In the United Kingdom new car registrations fell by 21.8% in September 2008 (Committee on Climate Change, 2008). Consumer behaviour reaction has not just impacted high value capital goods, but almost every product and service. For almost fifty years consumers were given a surplus of credit that enabled them to purchase with the minimal influence of price. The credit crunch changed all that in that it sparked recession in the UK in the final quarter of 2008, which led to an increase in

ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINTS-Calculate your ecological footprint(1) Assignment

ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINTS-Calculate your ecological footprint(1) Manipulate your ecological footprint(2)Reflecting on your ecologica - Assignment Example The footprint calculator will be determined by the daily choices we make as individuals and communities, for example choosing to recycle, or cycling to school instead of driving. Since everything we do has consequences to our planet, we must aim to ensuring that we reduce our ecological footprint. I used the global footprint network to calculate my ecological footprint. The main steps used to calculate my ecological are broken down into four categories; carbon footprint which includes home and transport energy, food footprint, housing footprint and goods and services footprint ( Tinsley, 2006). Ecological footprint is calculated in global hectares/ acres. The quiz provides an estimation of the ocean and land that can support waste produced from consumption in the workplace, household, food, goods and services, housing and energy used in transportation. After taking the quiz, if every person lived the same lifestyle like I do, we would need 4.88 earths to live in. It is apparent that the lifestyle I live, in a small household of two, is very unsustainable, and I should do more towards ensuring sustainability of planet earth for current and future generations to be able to enjoy ecosystem goods and services like I do. ... Part two According to estimations, in order for all organisms to survive in this planet we each need an ecological footprint of 0.8. An ecological footprint of 4.88 is very unsustainable since we only have one planet. Developed countries have larger carbon footprints compared to less developed countries, which are growing. Promotion of western civilization lifestyles, such as excess shopping, will lead to an increase in the ecological footprint. As discussed earlier, small lifestyle changes can go a long way to ensuring we make a big impact. One of the changes include buying locally produced food and less packaged foods sold in stores and supermarkets, like I currently do, to reduce the footprint. In case it is necessary to buy packaged food, then the packaging should be recyclable and of lesser quality. It is necessary to reduce the waste produced by the household by purchasing only goods needed for short periods of time, mostly a week to reduce wastage. A good example is buying goo ds in bulk which is usually packaged in cans and bottles, which are not degradable, and lead to pollution of the earth. Other steps to reducing my footprint include drinking tap water which is safe to drink instead of bottled water, reducing meat consumption, because the more animals are grazed to meet meat consumption, the more methane gas is released, which is a green house gas. Buying foods that are in season is good because purchasing out of season fruits and vegetables means that they have been flown in from other countries, which increases my carbon footprint. I should change the activities I engage in during my spare time to reduce my carbon footprint such as restaurants and saunas. The housing footprint is a step used in

Feeding the World: A Challenge for the Twenty- First Century

Feeding the World: A Challenge for the Twenty- First Century Is human originality enough to produce adequate amount of food to provide for the 10 billion people that are expected to live on Earth by 2050 without causing excessive damage to the environment? Vaclav Smil attempts to answer this question in this book; Feeding the World: A Challenge for the Twenty- First Century Vaclav Smil is a ‘Distinguished Professor Emeritus’ at the University of Manitoba, a member of the Order of Canada and a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada. Additionally, in 2010, he was recorded amongst the top 100 global thinkers. Vaclav Smil is regarded by many as an incredibly productive and resourceful author whose publications span over a plethora of related fields. Smil’s publications predominately reign over the areas of agriculture, food processing and production and human population. As well as being known for his knowledge pertaining to China, Smil work in the areas of crops, the general biosphere and fertilizers is acknowledged by several experts in their respective fields. Moreover, Smil is widely regarded as an informative author whose work focuses on informing its readers through the use of technical data combined with comprehensive reasoning and his own opinions. There have been a significant number of evaluations pertaining to food production and its consumption in the face of today’s rapidly growing society. These evaluations tend to vary in their respective approaches depending on the field of study that their writers stem from. In this regard, biological and physical scientists normally attempt to base their arguments around the ‘carrying capacity’ system which is applied to yearly populations. These scientists can then tap into inquiries such as how many individuals can the Earth’s resources provide for. Economists, however, investigate the growth in the production of food over the course of several alongside recognizing policies and trends that have served as a basis for this growth and using this combined knowledge to make predictions of future food production. Vaclav Smil, being a geographer, utilizes the same concepts biological and physical scientists use in his book. Smil, through his book, presents a case in which he advocates for future food demands to be met through the increase of efficiency rather than the increase of supply through additional inputs. Increasing efficiency, he argues, can not only be done through the more effective and efficient use of crop inputs, such as water and fertilizer but also by reducing the post- harvest losses suffered globally. Moreover, he reasons that these methods of increasing efficiency in the near future should be led by a desire to reduce the environmental impact of high- input agriculture and in doing so, will reduce strains on the environment. Smil’s investigation allows him to arrive at a somewhat warily optimistic conclusion where he believes that a world population of ten billion as predicted by the UN to be the stabilizing human population can in fact be sufficiently fed without excessive damage to the biosphere through the means of a more efficient food system. This optimistic conclusion is predominately cemented by the concept of ‘economic slack’ existing in the present-day production structures and that the chance that this slack can be reduced is quite good. However, this reduction of ‘economic slack’ standpoint needs the challenging task of creating plant breeding and associated research capabilities in order to supply deliver original and effective equipment to deprived farmers Smil wrote this book not only to inform readers but also to counter some of the arguments made by other authors who have also written to express their views on the problem of feeding the world in the near future. Smil, as is made evident through the arguments he presents in his book, does not share catastrophist or techno- optimist views, the latter of which advocate technology as the key for solving the dilemma. Smil argues that in an effort to gain public fear of the current state of agriculture and of the global food stock, catastrophists tend to emphasize and exacerbate relatively short and temporary periods of decline or stasis in order to express their concerns but these concerns, as Smil explains are often misplaced and that ‘perfectly non-catastrophic explanations such as weather and changing policies for fertilizer subsidies, support prices or diets’ can serve to counter most arguments catastrophists present. Smil does agree with catastrophists in the sense that population needs to be stabilized but this stability, according to Smil will happen eventually and the world will in fact be able to feed the individuals at this stable point with negligible impacts on the environment. Smil does not make an effort to find a middle ground between the ‘catastrophes’ as he terms Lester Brown and Paul Ehrlich and ‘ebullient cornucopian’ as he calls Julian Simon like many expected but rather attempts a serious evaluation utilizing the best science applicable to the inquiries being dealt with. First Chapter – ‘Reasons for concern’ Looks at the growing population.Even though its slowing dramatically, the UN predicts the world populatin wll reach 9.9 billion by 2050 in the medium – variant scenario, an increase of 48% from 1999. ‘Dietary transitions’, Smil argues will add to food demands. This phenomenon is where rising incomes created by economic growth in poor countries produce dramatic changes in diet.There is a decrease in staple grain consumption and a substantial increase in meat and other animal products consumed, accompanied by a rise in total fat consumption. In other words, even with the slowing of population growth, in addition to the continuing demand for staple commodities, the increased demand for foods such as milk, eggs, meat, vegetables, and so on will require continued growth in output. Second Chapter Appraises the biophysical basis of agriculture and stresses the importance of microbial ecology of the soil. Smil acknowledges the use and importance of synthetic fertilizers by stating that only food for 2-3 billion people could have been produced without them, depending on the diets of the general populations. Alternative or organic agriculture on a wide scale basis could help?This might be a solution but can argue against their respective uses and whether they will really help or not. C4 crops which include corn are more photosynthetically efficient than C3 crops that include wheat and rice. This is a solution – should we plant more corn? Availability of land, water and nutrients will be adequate on a global basis. However, regional disparities/ scarcities will be made much worse by anthropogenic climate change. Can link to the point of climate change impact on agriculture difficult to access Third Chapter Focuses on the environmental impacts of agriculture. Soil erosion and its effects on yield. Loss of topsoil is often cited as having a major negative impact on food- growing capacity, but how robust is the evidence that degradation- induced productivity losses are rising? The problem may be real and urgent in many regions; for example in large parts of Africa the annual soil degradation equates to millions of metric tons of grains and tubers lost per year. But from a global perspective, the losses may not be significant. The view that emerges from Smil’s account is that the inputs and assumptions underlying calculations of global resources are in many cases debatable. The variations in estimates give comfort that the world as a whole probably has the resources to adapt to demand and produce sufficient food. ‘Fortunately there is nothing inevitable about excessive erosion’ (p. 78). Qualitative soil degradation and how best to maintain soil productivity. Solution Modern high yielding crop varieties are somewhat less sensitive to soil and climate conditions than the farmer- selected varieties- take advantage of this and plant more modern crop varieties. However, these modern crop varieties have not fully escaped the ‘Darwinian’ features associated with natural selection. This means that improved varieties suited to one region in India are not suited to another region. Environmental pollution from pesticides and fertilizer. Even though Smil hyped it up, it can lead to negatives when used in excess. Nitrate concentrations are quite high in the Rhine and other major rivers in Europe. Smil points this out but fails to mention that the heavy fertilizer applications in Europe are encouraged by the subsidies of the Common Agriculture Policy. This failure to mention this fact stems from his reluctance to thread upon political waters. It is difficult to predict the effect of global warming on agriculture due to its complexity and the dynamic nature of its impact.A solution – the yield loss due to heat and moisture stress maybe, at least, partly, offset by the enhancement of photosynthesis and higher water use efficiency. Usually, books on world food prospects are influenced not only by their sources of information but also by then innate optimism/ pessimism of the author, often most apparent in chapters on the environmental changes wrought by agriculture. However, from this chapter, Smil emerges not only as a stern judge but as a long term optimist. For example, ‘there is no shortage of preventive measures for dealing with nearly all of these concerns’ (p 66) Fourth Chapter Here, Smil expresses the core of his vision that agricultural output can be increased through improved efficiency without additional inputs, except for knowledge and genetic enhancement. His ideas are similar in many regards to those of precision agriculture. Smil states that the primary task for agricultural research is not ‘to make every plant transgenic, but rather to come up with more precise solutions for farming’ (pp. 138-39). Precision farming is information- intensive and involves optimizing the timing and amount of inputs. He focuses on the better use of fertilizer and water. Fertilizer can be used more efficiently with better timing and placement, recycling of crop residues and better crop rotation.It is estimated that around 15% of the potassium, 30% of the nitrogen and 40% of the phosphorous is replaced by fertilizers. However, there is a critical need to increase fertilizer use in sub- Saharan Africa. Soil fertilizer is declining there and crop yields falling because of insufficient use of fertilizer. African soil and rainfall make much of the continent subpar for growing food. Despite this, the price of fertilizer in Africa is often two to four times that of the world price. In other words, the region that probably needs fertilizer the most has to pay the most for it. This input problem cannot be fixed through Smil’s ideology, which is heavily against the increase of inputs to solve the dile mma of feeding the world. In order to lower the high prices of fertilizer which results in large because of poor infrastructure and trade networks that are not developed enough to create a low- cost and competitive market, one must invest in them. There are enormous opportunities to improve the efficiency of water use. Possibilities include growing more water- efficient crops and water conservation practises such as reduced tillage. Unlike energy, water once used, can be reused after its quality is restore by appropriate treatment. There is a need to increase water supplies especially in some arid areas, but water harvesting and the use of saline water should be used extensively. Water is generally wasted because it is underpriced. In India, payments for electricity for pump irrigation are by pump size at very low rates and there are many illegal hook-ups that make it free. On the other hand, in Israel, about 60% of irrigation was by drip systems by 1990, with very high rates of efficiency. Which is a major reason water use could drop 30% and crop yields per unit of water application doubled. Reasons against drip irrigation More, generally, what Smil is advocating is the substitution of increasingly plentiful capital and knowledge for increasingly scarce natural resources. Fifth Chapter Explores ways to improve animal efficiency of animal food production. Although consuming animal products is fundamentally inefficient compared to vegetarianism, in a fascinating examination of human evolution, Smil sees a case for 10- 20 kg of meat in the average annual diet of humans, a level which is far exceeded in affluent countries. Close to half of all cereal grains produced globally are now fed to animals. Smil calculates the feed efficiency of different animals per unit of edible product.The most efficient is milk, followed by herbivorous fish, eggs, and chicken, with beef being least efficient Eat and produce less beef? Aquaculture – advocates. Fish yields on continental shelves is, on average two orders of magnitude higher, and that of ponds is ten times higher still. However, narrow genetic basis is a challenge to aquaculture: the practise is dominated by a handful of freshwater herbivores and the contribution from marine species rests on even fewer carnivores. Smil believes that transgenic fishes may offer many advantages by growing faster and by tolerating cooler or warmer waters. For example salman with an anti- freeze protein gene from the winter flounder is already available which allows them to survive is very cold environments Sixth Chapter Opportunities to reduce post- harvest losses, which may be as high as 40% and more for some African crops. Smil notes how little attention has been given to post- harvest losses and that there is not a single national or international organization that focuses exclusively on the topic. Insect pests and plant pathogens, which account for huge losses in some conditions should be a target. China for example, suffers heavily from post- harvest losses resulting from improper storage of crops (roughly one- seventh of its cereal harvest every year), low efficiency of animal feeding Seventh Chapter Discusses human nutrition needs and how our understanding of them has evolved. Global average per capita energy requirements are about 2000-2100 calories daily, much less than the estimated supply of 2800. So malnutrition is the result of unequal assess Eighth Chapter Examines the dietary transition in detail and considers what the available evidence suggests would be an optimum diet. Smil agrees with others who have concluded that traditional Mediterranean diets, with lots of complex carbohydrates, fruits and vegetables and moderate amounts of meat, are the healthiest. Ninth Chapter Deals with the question of ‘Who will feed China’ asked by Lester Brown by saying that ‘the Chinese will’. Smil makes it clear that China clearly has the potential to feed its future population. ‘A combination of well-proven economic and technical fixes, environmental protection measures, and dietary adjustments can extract enough food from Chinas agroeconomic systems to provide decent nutrition during the next generation s without weakening the countrys environmental foundations.’ (p. 315) China provides an excellent country to examine in detail because of the constraints faced, the widespread opportunities for improved efficiencies and the implications for the rest of the world leading to the idea of if China can do it, so can the rest of the world Water shortage is becoming an increasing problem in Northern China and there are vast plans to move water from the South to the North. However, water in China is substrantially underpriced like in India and thus used wastefully. Smil has a wonderful example of water in Beijing costing only a fifth as much as in Winnipeg, which is his home and has plentiful water supplies. Smil also provides ample evidence that the amount of farmland in China has been substantially undercounted, and hence the yields are lower than what they could be and the room for yield improvement is considerably greater Smil appeals to the experience with the energy price increases in the 1970s to show that producers and consumers did reduce inefficiencies in energy production and use when price incentives were provided to them Sexual Trauma Intervention: A Case Study Sexual Trauma Intervention: A Case Study Responding to Sexual Trauma: Sandra’s Case Effects of sexual trauma Sexual assaults have severe immediate and also long-lasting effects which can be devastating on the emotional, on the physical and also the relational health of the sexual assault victims (Gilliland James, 2013). The overwhelming stress of sexual assault normally alters personal adjustment, the psychobiology and the systems of the victims. A traumatic experience usually impacts the entire person; how we learn, how we think, our way of remembering things and the feelings about ourselves, how we feel about others and our ability to make sense in the world. All the above factors are rooted in our psychobiological development and also in our experience of human evolutionary (Gilliland James, 2013). Sexual assault trauma can affect person’s adjustment in all levels, posttraumatic stress disorder is a very disabling and chronic condition and the magnitude of PTSD is extremely high after rape. Just like Sandra, rape victims are likely to suffer from a severe depression, become substance abusers and make suicidal attempts. In the case of Sandra, she seeks counselling because she was depressed, after several sessions she discloses that she was raped by her uncle from an age of 4 to 9 and she also experienced two other rape cases while in high school and these trauma experiences made her to be completely depressed. Sandra had also developed substance problems. As she discloses, she spend most of her time drunk from the age of 18-22. As a result of PTSD she ended up sleeping with several men because she was traumatized and depressed after undergoing several rape experiences. Sandra also discloses several suicide attempts; she had one suicidal attempt but fortunately the car tire blew out before she reached her target. This is one of the effects of sexual assault to Sandra. She is a survivor of child sexual abuse and this makes her vulnerable to re-victimization. Victims of sexual assaults tend to be powerless, helpless and hopeless (Walker, 1994). This explains why Sandra slept with more than 70 men; in order to avoid feeling powerless and helpless. Thus, Sandra’s behaviour is an outcome of sexual assaults. Intervention strategies Psychoeducational Effective treatment for Sandra’s case includes psycho-educational intervention strategy. Although this approach alone does not fully eliminate the symptoms in the long term, it has proved to be the most effective when combined with anxiety management strategy. Rape victims usually feel more relieved when they realise that they are not crazy, but are experiencing PTSD manifestations, which is a reaction experienced by most raped women. I advocate for the use of this intervention strategy in the treatment of Sandra since she needs to accept understand that her symptoms as response to trauma but not pathology (Hunter, 2009). This will enable her strengthen self-esteem and also boost her sense of self-worth. As Sandra needs to raise her daughter the use of this method will help her identify inner strengths which were not disrupted by the trauma, including perseverance, the coping skills and intellect (Kress, Trippany, Nolan, 2003). Cognitive Therapy Intervention Strategy This intervention strategy is most appropriate when addressing symptoms such as shame, loss of interest in specific activities, detachment, numbing and guilty (Hunter, 2009). While using this method the victims are trained on how to identify the beliefs and particular thoughts which they experience during the state of negative emotions. In this intervention strategy, the victim is assisted in evaluating challenges and validity of various ideas and hence replaces most irrational beliefs with the more rational as well as with beneficial thoughts. I would use this intervention strategy in the treatment of Sandra as it will help her stop maladaptive beliefs that all her familymembers are abusers and hence replace it with positive thought. This method will also help her to challenge self-blame and the blame which is perpetuated by her mother and the significant others (Kress, Trippany, Nolan, 2003). Cognitive therapy treatment is normally designed in a manner that it assists victims to restore their personal power disrupted during the assault (Walker, 1994). Since all the perpetrators use violence and power, women tend to view all power related issues as negative. This refrains victim from gaining personal power. Cognitive therapy on Sandra will enable her replace the negative views of power and control with positive beliefs of adequate power. As a result, Sandra will gain courage to so stop using substances and hence use her power to control her life as well as that of her daughter. Cultural, legal and ethical issues Women reaction to sexual assault should be considered within sociocultural context. To some extent, rape is not just a crime of sex and should be further conceptualized as part of crime of power. Sandra’s rape case is one of the patriarchal system tools which demonstrate gender inequality as well as devaluation of women in the society (Vonk, 1999). Sandra’s rape experience restricts her freedom and ability to use power. Although most feminists examine rape on the lines of power and gender, various cultural variables such as class and ethnicity are keys factors in women’s response as well as the trauma recovery. Factors to consider include her cultural differences while accessing the services, the feelings she have while reporting the crime, and how her community receives rapes disclosures (Vonk, 1999). Perpetrators of rape should be given heavy penalties including life term sentences. If Sandra was a male victim The effects of sexual trauma are more severe on female than in men. However, in some instances some men find it challenging to recover from the sexual assault trauma. Men become more powerless and hopeless when sexually assaulted than women, a man will do anything just to avoid feeling powerless and if Sandra was a man he could possibly turn away from the victim’s role and assume the victimizer’s role. This is one of main effects of sexual trauma in male as they try to identify themselves with the power of their victimizers (Hunter, 2009). Notably, men becomes more addicted and attracted to substance abuse than women. In that regard, if Sandra was a male, it could be difficult for her to stop substance abuse. Male victims are also likely to seek ravage on their perpetrators more than the female victims (Kress, Trippany, Nolan, 2003). Thus, in addition to psychoeducational and cognitive therapy intervention strategies, exposure therapy has proved to be more appropriate. This strategy assist victims to overcome the painful memories encountered during the assault. It is done by confronting the victim with specific emotions, situation and thoughts which are related to the incidence of rape (Walker, 1994). Male victims are more likely to recount feelings, thoughts as well as the memories and hence, a well-structured approach will be more appropriate in helping male victims face these realities. References Gilliland, B. E., James, R. K. (2013). Crisis intervention strategies. Page 194 Hunter, S. V. (2009). Beyond Surviving Gender Differences in Response to Early Sexual Experiences With Adults. Journal of family issues, 30(3), 391-412. Kress, V. E. W., Trippany, R. L., Nolan, J. M. (2003). Responding to sexual assault victims: Considerations for college counsellors. Journal of College Counselling, 6(2), 124–133. Vonk, M. E. (1999). An ethic of care: A framework for ethical decision making with survivors of sexual assault. Social Thought, 19(1), 49-62. Walker, L. E. (1994). Abused women and survivor therapy: A practical guide for the psychotherapist. American Psychological Association.

robert browning speakers Essay -- essays research papers

West Comparing speakers: My last duchess and porphyria’s lover   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The great poet Robert Browning, who created the poems My Last Duchess and Porphyria’s lover, had an interesting taste for speakers of his poems. He seems to be fond of violent, sexual and eccentric people to narrate his intriguing poems. In his poem Porphyira’s Lover, a dramatic monologue, a man in a cottage talks of a woman who brings cheer to his house when she appears out of the storm outside. When the man realizes the moment won’t last, he kills her by strangulation and lays her by his side. In his other poem, The Last Duchess, The Duke of Ferrara is the speaker of the poem, and tells us he is entertaining an emissary who has come to negotiate the Duke's marriage to the daughter of another powerful family. You soon realize when reading the poem that he killed his former wife The Duchess and speaks of her poor behavior despite all of her fortunes. Through out both of these poems Browning’s genius choice in speakers is very prevalent and the similarities and differences between the speakers are striking.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When talking about how these speakers are similar there are many characteristics that the Duke and the man share. First of all, the men both kill the women the love. The duke killed the duchess because she flirted with everyone and did not appreciate her great name. On the other hand the man killed the woman in the cottage because he was afra...